Aq Qoyunlu Flag (1378–1503)

The Aq Qoyunlu Flag (1378–1503) is a deep blue banner featuring a stylized white tribal emblem, symbolizing the White Sheep Turkomans' rule over Persia, Anatolia, and Azerbaijan. The Aq Qoyunlu Confederation was a Turkic dynasty that defeated the Qara Qoyunlu and later clashed with the emerging Safavid Empire. The white tribal symbol reflects the nomadic heritage and military prowess of the Aq Qoyunlu, while the blue background signifies divine legitimacy and sovereignty. Under rulers like Uzun Hasan, the dynasty attempted to balance Persian administrative traditions with Turkic governance before being overthrown by Shah Ismail I of the Safavids in 1503.